Wie viele Spieler?

•  Für 2 (13)
•  Kleine Gruppen (2-4) (13)
•  Sehr große Gruppen 7+ (9)

Maximale Anzahl von Spielern

•  4 (4)
•  8 (9)

Mechanik

•  Auktion (3)
•  Planung von Aktionen (2)
•  Verhandlung (6)
•  Würfel (8)

Type

•  Kartenspiel (9)
•  Würfelspiel (8)

Verfügbarkeit

•  Auf Lager (12)
•  Nicht verfügbar (1)

Alter

•  8+ (3)
•  10+ (3)
•  12+ (6)
•  14+ (1)

Spielzeit

•  30 - 60 Minuten (2)
•  60 - 90 Minuten (9)

Thema

•  Humor (7)
•  Tiere (3)

Preis

• 12,00 € - 65,00 €

Marke

•  (Self-Published) (69)
•  (Unknown) (191)
•  (Web published) (68)
•  1A Games (1)
•  2F-Spiele (31)
•  2Geeks (1)
•  2Tomatoes (2)
•  8th Summit (1)
•  9th Level Games (2)
•  11 bit studios (2)
•  25th Century Games (8)
•  317 Games (1)
•  999 Games (336)
•  A-games (3)
•  ABACUSSPIELE (20)
•  ABBA Games (1)
•  ADC Blackfire Entertainment (18)
•  AEG (101)
•  AMIGO Spiel (5)
•  APAS Verlag (1)
•  APE Games (5)
•  ASYNCRON games (5)
•  AVStudioGames (3)
•  Abalone Games (1)
•  Academy Games (10)
•  Act in games (2)
•  Action Phase Games (12)
•  Ad Magic (1)
•  AdMagic Games (1)
•  Adam's Apple Games, LLC (6)
•  Adlung-Spiele (12)
•  Albe Pavo (2)
•  Albi (1)
•  Albino Dragon (1)
•  All Or None Games (7)
•  Alley Cat Games (12)
•  Among Meeples (1)
•  Amuza (1)
•  Ankama (11)
•  Antler Games (2)
•  Aporta Games (7)
•  Arcane Tinmen (136)
•  Arcane Wonders (29)
•  Archon Studio (3)
•  Arclight (1)
•  Ares Games (44)
•  Argentum Verlag (8)
•  Arkada Studio (1)
•  Art Revisited (7)
•  Artana (1)
•  Artipia Games (22)
•  Art of Games (1)
•  Asmadi Games (2)
•  Asmodee (56)
•  Asylum Games (2)
•  Atalia (1)
•  Atheris Games (1)
•  Atlas Games (7)
•  Atomic Mass Games (128)
•  Avalon Hill (13)
•  Awaken Realms (30)
•  Axel (1)
•  B&B Games Studio (3)
•  BFF Games (2)
•  BLAM ! (12)
•  BOARD TO DEATH (1)
•  BYR Games (1)
•  Backspindle Games (4)
•  Bad Taste Games (1)
•  Badger's Nest (1)
•  Bannan Games (5)
•  Battlefront Miniatures Ltd (2)
•  Bellwether Games (3)
•  Bergsala Enigma (1)
•  Bezier Games, Inc. (28)
•  Bezzerwizzer ApS (7)
•  Big Potato Games (1)
•  Bioblo (4)
•  Birdwood Games (1)
•  Black Box Adventures (5)
•  Black Box Games Publishing (3)
•  Black Forest Studio (1)
•  Black Key Games (3)
•  Black Site Studios (1)
•  Blackrock Games (4)
•  Blue Cocker Games (8)
•  Blue Orange (64)
•  Blue Orange Games (12)
•  Blue Panther (1)
•  Board&Dice (32)
•  Board Game Box (1)
•  Board Game Hub (1)
•  Boardcubator (3)
•  Bombyx (21)
•  Boosterbox (4)
•  Brain Games (8)
•  Braincrack Games (1)
•  Brand X Games Factory (1)
•  Bread and Circuses (1)
•  Breaking Games (6)
•  Bright Eye Games (2)
•  Broken Mill (2)
•  Brookspun Games (1)
•  Brotherwise Games (16)
•  Buffalo Games (1)
•  BuitenSpeel (6)
•  Buki (8)
•  Burnt Island Games (5)
•  Bushiroad (1)
•  CD Projekt RED (1)
•  CGS- Creative Games Studio (1)
•  CMON Limited (240)
•  Cacahuete Games (1)
•  Calliope Games (8)
•  Cambridge Games Factory (5)
•  Capstone Games (37)
•  Captain Games (1)
•  Captain Macaque (4)
•  CardLords (2)
•  Cardboard Alchemy (2)
•  Carrera (10)
•  Cartamundi (19)
•  Catalyst Game Labs (9)
•  Catan Studio (1)
•  Catch Up Games (7)
•  Catch me games (1)
•  Cephalofair Games (14)
•  Certifiable Studios (8)
•  Cheapass Games (4)
•  Cheatwell Games (1)
•  Cherry Picked Games (1)
•  Chess Geeks (1)
•  Chessex (37)
•  Chilifox Games (2)
•  Chronicle Games (1)
•  Cinnamon Games (1)
•  Clementoni (2)
•  Clever Mojo Games (7)
•  Clevergreen Board Games (1)
•  Clicker Spiele (2)
•  Cocktail Games (10)
•  Cogitate Games (1)
•  Cogito ergo Meeple (2)
•  Cojones (4)
•  Compass Games (24)
•  Competo / Marektoy (1)
•  ConcernedApe (1)
•  Consim Press (1)
•  Contention Games (2)
•  Cool Mini Or Not (17)
•  Corax Games (2)
•  Cosmodrome Games (2)
•  Cosmoludo (4)
•  Cosys (1)
•  Cradle of Games (1)
•  Cranio Creations (25)
•  Crazy Dice (1)
•  Crazy Pawn Games (1)
•  Creall (2)
•  Cremola (1)
•  Crowd Games (8)
•  Cryptozoic Entertainment (29)
•  Cube Factory of Ideas (1)
•  Cubicle 7 Entertainment (4)
•  Cwali (19)
•  Czech Board Games (1)
•  Czech Games Edition (51)
•  DAM Things! (1)
•  DMZ Games (4)
•  DPH Games Inc (2)
•  Daily Magic Games (23)
•  Dan Verssen Games (DVG) (1)
•  Dark Sword Miniatures, Inc. (1)
•  Days of Wonder (70)
•  De Spellebaardier (1)
•  Deep Print Games (2)
•  Deep Water Games (6)
•  Deinko Games (1)
•  Delicious Games (7)
•  Devil Pig Games (1)
•  Devious Weasel Games (2)
•  Devir (11)
•  Devir Games (1)
•  Dice Hate Me Games (9)
•  DiceTree Games (5)
•  Dickie Toys (1)
•  Dire Wolf Digital (11)
•  Don't Panic Games (1)
•  Dr. Finn's Games (1)
•  Dr. Wood (1)
•  Draco Ideas (2)
•  Dragon Dawn Productions (5)
•  Dranda Games (1)
•  Drawlab Entertainment (8)
•  Drei Hasen (1)
•  Drei Magier Spiele (5)
•  Druid City Games (5)
•  Dujardin (4)
•  EVERYDAYiPLAY (2)
•  Eagle-Gryphon Games (47)
•  Eclipse Editorial (2)
•  Edge Entertainment (2)
•  Edition Spielwiese (10)
•  Editions du Hibou (2)
•  Educa Borres (3)
•  Elemon Games (1)
•  Elf Creek Games (2)
•  Elven Ear Games (1)
•  Elzra Corp. (1)
•  EmperorS4 (3)
•  Endless Games (I) (1)
•  Engelhart (6)
•  Enigma Studio (3)
•  Escape Pod Games (2)
•  Esdevium (1)
•  Eurographics (89)
•  Everything Epic Games (7)
•  Evil Hat Productions (1)
•  Exploding Kittens (25)
•  Explor8 (2)
•  FableSmith (1)
•  Fabryka Gier Historycznych (1)
•  Facade Games (1)
•  Fantasia Games (5)
•  Fantasmagoria (3)
•  Fantasy Flight Games (691)
•  Fat Fox Games (1)
•  FeldHerr (2)
•  Ferti (6)
•  Feuerland Spiele (4)
•  Filosofia Editions (4)
•  Final Frontier Games (16)
•  Fireside Games (12)
•  First Fish Games (2)
•  Five24 Labs (2)
•  Flatlined Games (5)
•  Flatout Games (4)
•  Floodgate Games (16)
•  Flying Frog Productions (93)
•  Fobs Games (2)
•  Folded Space (36)
•  Forbidden Games (2)
•  FoxMind (3)
•  Fox Troll Games (1)
•  Foxtrot Games (2)
•  Fractal Juegos (2)
•  Freak & Chic LLC (1)
•  Frost Forge Games (3)
•  Frosted Games (2)
•  FryxGames (15)
•  Fully Baked Ideas (1)
•  Funforge (13)
•  Funko Games (35)
•  Funtails (5)
•  Furious Tree Games (1)
•  G3 (1)
•  GDM Games (15)
•  GHOST DOG (3)
•  GIFT10INDUSTRY (1)
•  GMT Games (126)
•  GREIFERISTO (1)
•  GRRRE Games (1)
•  Galactic Raptor Games (1)
•  Galakta (9)
•  Gale Force Nine (51)
•  Gam'inBIZ (13)
•  Game's Up (1)
•  Game Brewer (16)
•  Game Factory (1)
•  Game Knight Games (1)
•  Game Salute (16)
•  GameWorks (1)
•  Gamegenic (148)
•  Gamelyn Games (33)
•  Gameplay Publishing ApS (1)
•  Games 4 Gamers (4)
•  Games Adults Play (1)
•  Games Workshop Ltd. (97)
•  Gamewright (1)
•  Gamia Games (1)
•  Gap Closer Games (2)
•  Garphill Games (15)
•  Gate Keeper Games (1)
•  Geek Attitude Games (7)
•  Gen-X Games (12)
•  Gen42 Games (4)
•  Genius Games (2)
•  Geronimo Games (41)
•  Ghenos Games (4)
•  Gibsons Games (22)
•  Gigamic (6)
•  Giochi Uniti (4)
•  Giochix.it (20)
•  Goat Wolf & Cabbage (2)
•  Goblivion Games (1)
•  Godot Games (4)
•  Gold Seal Games (1)
•  Golden Egg Games (3)
•  Goliath (25)
•  Good Games Publishing (4)
•  Gotha Games (1)
•  Grail Games (13)
•  Grand Gamers Guild (5)
•  Granna (3)
•  Great Northern Games (2)
•  Greater Than Games (34)
•  Greater Than Games (Fabled Nexus) (2)
•  Green Board Game Co. (1)
•  Green Couch Games (3)
•  Greenbrier Games (7)
•  Grey Fox Games (15)
•  Griggling Games, Inc. (1)
•  Grimlord Games (1)
•  Grosso Modo Éditions (1)
•  Grumpy Owl Games (1)
•  Guillotine Games (1)
•  HABA - Habermaaß GmbH (125)
•  HCM Kinzle (13)
•  HOT Games (19)
•  HUCH! (31)
•  Haas Games (1)
•  Hachette Boardgames USA (2)
•  Hall Games (2)
•  Hans im Glück (5)
•  Happy meeple games (11)
•  Harebrained Schemes (1)
•  Hasbro (51)
•  Hatch Escapes (3)
•  Hegemonic Project Games (3)
•  HeidelBÄR Games (4)
•  Heidelberger Spieleverlag (3)
•  Helvetia Games (1)
•  Helvetiq (5)
•  Hexasim (1)
•  Hexy Studio (3)
•  Histogame (1)
•  Hobby World (6)
•  Holy Grail Games (8)
•  HomoLudicus (2)
•  Horrible Games (41)
•  House of Holland (1)
•  Howling Hog Games (1)
•  Hub Games (1)
•  Hurrican (13)
•  Hush Hush Projects (4)
•  HutChu Enterprises LLC (1)
•  Hutter Trade (1)
•  Huzzle (73)
•  IDW Games (7)
•  IELLO (82)
•  IGAMES (2)
•  Identity Games International B.V. (24)
•  Igel Spiele (2)
•  Ilopeli (1)
•  Imperial Publishing, Inc (5)
•  Indie Boards & Cards (52)
•  In ludo veritas (1)
•  Inside Up Games (7)
•  Intrafin Games (28)
•  Invedars (1)
•  Ion Game Design (12)
•  Irongames (12)
•  Jacob's Brick Games (1)
•  Japanime Games (7)
•  Jasco Games (5)
•  Jeux Opla (1)
•  Jira's Games (2)
•  Jolly Dutch Productions (2)
•  Jolly Roger Games (2)
•  Jolly Thinkers (2)
•  Jumbo (82)
•  Jumping Turtle Games (57)
•  Just Games (II) (3)
•  K'NEX (1)
•  KOSMOS (20)
•  KYF Edition (1)
•  Kamikaze Games (1)
•  Kang Hsuan Educational Publishing Corp (2)
•  Karma Games (1)
•  Keep Exploring Games (18)
•  Key Card Games (1)
•  Keymaster Games (9)
•  Kids Table BG (5)
•  KiniGame (1)
•  Knight Models (1)
•  Koalatie Games (1)
•  Kolossal Games (7)
•  Korea Boardgames co., Ltd. (2)
•  Korona Games (1)
•  Kosmos Uitgevers (1)
•  Kreativni Dogodaji (1)
•  Kronberger Spiele (1)
•  Kuznia Gier (1)
•  KylskÃ¥pspoesi AB (2)
•  LOGIS (1)
•  LOKI (7)
•  La Boite de Jeu (3)
•  La Haute Roche (3)
•  Lark & Clam (1)
•  Last Level (1)
•  Lautapelit.fi (15)
•  Le Scorpion Masqué (8)
•  Leder Games (22)
•  Legend Story Studios (10)
•  Les Jeux du Lac (2)
•  Level 99 Games (18)
•  Li-He Studio (1)
•  Libellud (41)
•  Lifestyle Boardgames Ltd (1)
•  Light Heart Games (1)
•  Lookout Games (10)
•  Looney Labs (11)
•  Looping Games (14)
•  Lost Tile Games (1)
•  Lubee Edition (4)
•  Lucky Duck Games (32)
•  Lucrum Games (1)
•  LudiCreations (4)
•  Ludically (6)
•  Ludocom (1)
•  Ludonaute (31)
•  Ludonova (8)
•  Ludus Magnus Studio (1)
•  Lui-même (3)
•  Luitingh Sijthoff (1)
•  Luma Games (1)
•  Lumberjacks Studio (2)
•  Luminary Games (3)
•  Lynnvander Productions (4)
•  MAGE Company (8)
•  MB Spellen (1)
•  MEBO Games (5)
•  MEGA MINT Games (1)
•  MJ Games (1)
•  MO ZI Game (2)
•  Magic Meeple Games (3)
•  Magilano (1)
•  Make Believe Games (1)
•  Mandoo Games (1)
•  Mantic Games (14)
•  Mare Infinitus Games (1)
•  Mariucci J. Designs, LLC (15)
•  Marvin's Magic (1)
•  Matagot (84)
•  Mattel (15)
•  Mayday Games (72)
•  Mayfair Games (20)
•  Medieval Lords (2)
•  Medusa Games (1)
•  Meetpoint (1)
•  Megablue (1)
•  Megacorpin Games (1)
•  Mercury Games (4)
•  Meridae Games (1)
•  Meridiano 6 (1)
•  Mighty Boards (4)
•  Mighty Box (1)
•  Mind Fitness Games (1)
•  Mindclash Games (13)
•  Mindwarrior Games (1)
•  Minion Games (7)
•  Mirror Box Games (1)
•  Mixlore (6)
•  Modiphius Entertainment (19)
•  Mojito Studios (3)
•  Mondo Games (5)
•  Monkey Jump Games, LLC (1)
•  Monster Fight Club (1)
•  Moonster Games (2)
•  Mr. B Games (3)
•  Multi-Man Publishing (2)
•  Mythic Games (1)
•  Mücke Spiele (9)
•  Müller-Matzig Spiele Verlag (1)
•  NG International Srl. (1)
•  NRPGames (1)
•  NSKN Games (11)
•  Nauvoo Games (1)
•  Nazca Games (1)
•  Nevermore Games (1)
•  New Mill Industries (1)
•  Next Move Games (12)
•  Nocturnal Media (1)
•  Noris Spiele (2)
•  Norsker Games (3)
•  North Star Games, LLC (6)
•  Numbskull Games (1)
•  Nuts! Publishing (6)
•  Nürnberger-Spielkarten (1)
•  ODAM Publishing (3)
•  OSTIA Spiele (3)
•  Odd Bird Games (9)
•  Odynaut Games (1)
•  Oeuf Cube Editions (3)
•  Off the Page Games (1)
•  Oink Games (22)
•  One Free Elephant (1)
•  Oni Games (I) (1)
•  Ooba Games (1)
•  Opstelten Speelgoed (2)
•  Orange Machine Games (1)
•  Orange Nebula, LLC (13)
•  Osprey Games (44)
•  Outer Limit Games (II) (1)
•  Overworld Games (3)
•  Oya (1)
•  PD-Verlag (19)
•  PHALANX (17)
•  PS-Games (9)
•  PSC Games (4)
•  PYTHAGORAS (7)
•  Paizo Publishing (34)
•  Palm Court (1)
•  Pandasaurus Games (19)
•  Paper Plane Games (1)
•  Parallel Games (1)
•  Passport Game Studios (1)
•  Pearl Games (10)
•  Pegasus Spiele (111)
•  Pencil First Games, LLC (6)
•  Pendragon Game Studio (1)
•  Perplext (1)
•  Petersen Games (1)
•  Phalanx Games B.V. (6)
•  Philos (6)
•  Philos (1)
•  Piatnik (4)
•  PieceKeeper Games (1)
•  Pin Up Games (1)
•  PlaSmart (1)
•  Placentia Games (2)
•  Plaid Hat Games (71)
•  Plan B Games (4)
•  Platypus Game (1)
•  Platypus Industries (2)
•  Playford Games (1)
•  Playroom Entertainment (10)
•  Pleasant Company Games (4)
•  Plotmaker Games (2)
•  Poketto (1)
•  Portal Games (78)
•  Pretzel Games (7)
•  Privateer Press (1)
•  Professor Puzzle Ltd. (6)
•  Prolific Games (1)
•  Pronto Play Games (1)
•  Proton Games (1)
•  Prétexte SAS (1)
•  Pull the Pin Games (2)
•  Pumpkin Games (1)
•  Purple Brain Creations (2)
•  Purple Games (2)
•  Puzzelman (2)
•  PvP Geeks (1)
•  Q-Workshop (10)
•  Quantuum Magic (1)
•  Queen Games (63)
•  Quick Simple Fun Games (2)
•  Quined Games (29)
•  Quined White Goblin (8)
•  Quixotic Games (2)
•  R&D Games (11)
•  R&R Games (15)
•  REDIMP GAMES (1)
•  Rallyman (1)
•  Rather Dashing Games (1)
•  Ravensburger (136)
•  Rebel (7)
•  Rebel Studio (6)
•  Rebellion Unplugged (2)
•  Red Eyed Rabbit (1)
•  Red Glove (4)
•  Red Raven Games (18)
•  Redshift Games (1)
•  Renegade Game Studios (116)
•  Repos Production (44)
•  Resonym (1)
•  Restoration Games (27)
•  Ridley's Games (1)
•  Ridley's Games (2)
•  Rio Grande Games (42)
•  River Horse Ltd. (5)
•  Road To Infamy Games (R2i Games) (1)
•  Rock Manor Games (14)
•  Rolling Rhino Games (1)
•  Roxley (14)
•  SD Games (1)
•  SPIEL DAS! Verlag (1)
•  Salt & Pepper Games (3)
•  Sand Castle Games (3)
•  SandTimer (1)
•  Scala (4)
•  Scala leuker leren (5)
•  Schmidt Spiele (33)
•  Scribabs (1)
•  Seabrook Studios (3)
•  Seajay Games (1)
•  Second Gate Games (1)
•  Selecta Spielzeug (1)
•  Sensalot (2)
•  Shuffle (3)
•  Sidekick Games (1)
•  Sierra Madre Games (11)
•  Sinister Fish Games (4)
•  Sirius Products (1)
•  Sirlin Games (4)
•  Sisyphus Systems (2)
•  Sit Down! (24)
•  Sixpence Games (2)
•  Skybound Games (2)
•  SlugFest Games (24)
•  Smart Toys and Games, Inc. (36)
•  Smirk & Dagger Games (6)
•  Smirk & Laughter Games (6)
•  Snowbright Studio (1)
•  Snowdale Design (7)
•  Sorry We Are French (5)
•  Space Cow (6)
•  Space Cowboys (60)
•  Spiele aus Timbuktu (1)
•  Spielefaible (1)
•  Spielworxx (1)
•  Spin Master Ltd. (10)
•  Splotter Spellen (1)
•  Square Enix Co., Ltd. (1)
•  Squatchy Games (1)
•  Starling Games (II) (17)
•  Steamforged Games Ltd. (52)
•  Steve Jackson Games (59)
•  Stone Blade Ent. (13)
•  Stonemaier Games (50)
•  Story Factory (25)
•  Story Machine Games (2)
•  Stratelibri (4)
•  Strawberry Studio (3)
•  Stronghold Games (43)
•  Studio71 (1)
•  Studio100 (17)
•  Studio Twin Games (1)
•  SunCoreGames (3)
•  Sunny Games (3)
•  Super Meeple (6)
•  Superlude Editions (1)
•  Sweet Lemon Publishing (3)
•  Sylex (3)
•  Synapses Games (5)
•  TENKIGAMES (2)
•  TIKI Editions (2)
•  Tactic (5)
•  Talon Strikes Studios LLC (1)
•  Tasty Minstrel Games (21)
•  Tea Time Productions (1)
•  TeeTurtle (2)
•  The Army Painter (417)
•  The City of Games (12)
•  The Flying Games (6)
•  The Game Builders (1)
•  The Game Master BV (26)
•  The Mountain Men (1)
•  The Pandemonium Institute (1)
•  The Pokémon Company International (95)
•  The Wood Games (1)
•  ThinkFun (3)
•  ThunderGryph Games (5)
•  Thunderworks Games (22)
•  Titan Forge Games (1)
•  Topi Games (1)
•  Toy Vault, Inc. (1)
•  Tranjis Games (2)
•  Treefrog Games (3)
•  Trick or Treat Studios (2)
•  Triple Ace Games, Ltd. (1)
•  Triton Noir (3)
•  Tucker's Fun Factory B.V. (6)
•  Twogether Studios (1)
•  U.S. Games Systems, Inc. (1)
•  USAopoly (58)
•  Ulisses Spiele (1)
•  Ultimate guard (1)
•  Ultra PRO (79)
•  Unexpected Games (1)
•  Unique Board Games LTD (UBG) (1)
•  University Games (5)
•  Unstable Games (8)
•  Upper Deck Ent. (35)
•  V3G (1)
•  V Games (1)
•  Valley Games, Inc. (2)
•  Van Ryder Games (52)
•  Vendetta (4)
•  Vesuvius Media (7)
•  VicTim Games, LLC (1)
•  Victory Games (I) (1)
•  Victory Point Games (5)
•  Vilac (3)
•  Voodoo Games (II) (3)
•  Vtech (2)
•  W. Nostheide Verlag GmbH (3)
•  Warfrog Games (1)
•  Waterfall Games (7)
•  Wattsalpoag Games (1)
•  Wehrlegig Games (2)
•  Weird City Games (1)
•  Wentworth (16)
•  Weta Workshop (1)
•  What's Your Game? (1)
•  White Goblin Games (355)
•  White Wizard Games (49)
•  Wiggles 3D (3)
•  Windrider Games (1)
•  Winning Moves (18)
•  Winning Moves UK Ltd. (3)
•  WizKids (89)
•  Wizards of the Coast (65)
•  Wogamat (3)
•  Wolff Designa (1)
•  Wonder Forge (2)
•  Word Forge Games (9)
•  Worldshapers (1)
•  Wrebbit (18)
•  Wyrd Miniatures (1)
•  Wyvern Gaming (2)
•  X-Multiverse Entertainment (1)
•  YAY Games (1)
•  Ystari Games (3)
•  Z-Man Games (78)
•  Zoch Verlag (20)
•  Zygomatic (20)
•  alea (13)
•  dV Giochi (17)
•  dlp games (23)
•  eggertspiele (14)
•  franjos Spieleverlag (4)
•  funbot (1)
•  iDventure (3)
•  inPatience (1)
•  itten (1)
•  moses Verlag (4)
•  uplay.it edizioni (1)

Autor

• (kein Filter) 

  Bruno Cathala (3) Jeffrey Neil Bellinger (10) Ludovic Maublanc (3)

Illustration

• (kein Filter) 

  Jonathan Young (10) Miguel Coimbra (3)